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1.
Braz. J. Vet. Res. Anim. Sci. (Online) ; 60: e198402, 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1417480

ABSTRACT

The use of antimicrobials as growth promoters and disease prevention is being constantly reduced in several animal production systems, including in the swine industry. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of using acidifiers to control Salmonella Typhimurium in 65-day-old pigs by detecting the pathogen in organs at euthanasia. For this, 24 piglets were divided into two experimental groups consisting of 12 piglets each. An untreated control group (G1) and a treatment group (G2) received a liquid organic acidifier in the drinking water for 10 days (D-5 to D5). Five days after the start of treatment (D0), all piglets were challenged with 106 CFU of Salmonella Typhimurium and assessed for 12 days (D12). Every three days (D3, D6, D9, and D12), three animals from each experimental group were euthanized and then submitted for necropsy. Samples from the intestines (ileum, cecum, mesenteric lymph nodes, and ileocolic lymph nodes), liver, spleen, and lungs were collected to isolate Salmonella. The results show that, numerically, Salmonella isolation in the organs of G2 was lower than in G1 and that the number of positive cecum samples in G1 (66.7%; 8/12) was statistically different from the number of positive models in G2 (16.7%; 2/12), with a reduction of 28.6% of the total cecum positive samples in the treated group compared to the control. Therefore, it was observed that the liquid organic acidifier product could reduce the colonization of organs by Salmonella Typhimurium. (AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Salmonella Infections/prevention & control , Swine/physiology , Organic Acids/analysis , Salmonella typhimurium/drug effects
2.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 72(1): 208-214, Jan.-Feb. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1088921

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to develop a chitosan biofilm against Salmonella enteritidis, for the conservation of fertile and table eggs. Two experiments were performed. Experiment 1: 400 specific pathogen-free table eggs were divided in a completely randomized design into four treatments, five replicates and each replicate with 20 table eggs. Experimental groups were assigned to control and 1, 5 and 10% chitosan treatment. The eggs were immersed in the chitosan solution. They were then exposed to Salmonella enteritidis and stored for 1, 24, 96 and 168h at 4ºC. The eggs were then washed with 10mL of physiological saline solution. Experiment 2: 80 specific pathogen-free fertile eggs were tested, the assays were assigned to control and 1, 5 and 10% chitosan treatment. Each treatment had 20 fertile eggs. The eggs were immersed in the chitosan solution. They were individually weighed and incubated. Egg weight, humidity loss, and hatchability (weight and length of newly hatched chicks) characteristics were assessed. In Experiment 1, comparison between treatments showed differences (P< 0.05) in the total recovered of Salmonella enteritidis on eggshell, with the lower values in 5 y 10% chitosan treatment at 96 y 168h respectively. In Experiment 2, chitosan did not show any effect on the egg weight and chick weight, where the average was 57.44 and 38.23g respectively. The humidity loss and chick length showed differences (P< 0.05), with the lower values in 5 y 10% chitosan treatment. The antibacterial activity of chitosan biofilm provide a practical tool against Salmonella enteritidis in fertile and table eggs because the chitosan did not affect egg weight and chick weight, relevant parameters in the poultry industry.(AU)


O presente estudo teve como objetivo desenvolver um biofilme de quitosana contra Salmonella enteritidis, para conservação de ovos férteis e de mesa. Dois experimentos foram realizados. Experimento 1: 400 ovos de mesa livres de patógenos especificados foram divididos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em quatro tratamentos, cinco repetições e cada réplica contendo 20 ovos de mesa. Grupos experimentais foram designados para controle e 1, 5 e 10% de tratamento com quitosana. Os ovos foram imersos em solução de quitosana. Em seguida foram expostos a Salmonella enteritidis, e armazenados por 1, 24, 96 e 168h a 4ºC. Após, os ovos foram lavados com 10mL de solução salina fisiológica. Experimento 2: 80 ovos férteis livres de patógenos especificados foram testados. Os ensaios foram atribuídos a controle e 1, 5 e 10% de tratamento com quitosana. Cada tratamento teve 20 ovos férteis. Os ovos foram imersos em solução de quitosana. Em seguida foram individualmente pesados e incubados. Peso dos ovos, perda de umidade e características de eclodibilidade (peso e comprimento dos pintinhos recém-nascidos) foram avaliados. No Experimento 1, a comparação entre tratamentos mostrou diferenças (P< 0,05) na quantidade total recuperada de Salmonella enteritidis na casca, com os menores valores em 5 e 10% de tratamento com quitosana a 96 e 168h respetivamente. No experimento 2, a quitosana não mostrou nenhum efeito no peso do ovo e no peso do pintinho, onde a média foi de 57,44 e 38,23g respetivamente. A perda de umidade e comprimento do pintinho apresentaram diferenças (P< 0,05), com os menores valores em 5 e 10% de tratamento com quitosana. A atividade antibacteriana do biofilme de quitosana, fornece uma ferramenta prática contra Salmonella enteritidis em ovos férteis e de mesa, pois a quitosana não afetou o peso do ovo e peso do pintinho, parâmetros relevantes na indústria avícola.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Salmonella enteritidis , Salmonella Infections/prevention & control , Biofilms , Chitosan , Eggs/microbiology
3.
Hig. aliment ; 33(288/289): 2476-2480, abr.-maio 2019. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1482243

ABSTRACT

O presente estudo tem como objetivo descrever a distribuição de probabilidades da temperatura de cada etapa da cadeia produtiva de carne de frango resfriada produzida sob inspeção federal no Brasil. Os resultados gerados geram subsídio para realização de uma Análise de Risco de salmonelose pelo consumo de carne de frango no país. Foram compilados registros de temperatura e os dados foram ajustados às distribuições de probabilidade utilizando o software @Risk. Nas etapas de abatedouro-frigorífico, centro de distribuição, serviço de alimentação e supermercado a média de temperatura foi inferior a 5,5 ºC, demostrando sucesso na manutenção da cadeia de frio. A distribuição de probabilidade Logistic demonstrou melhor ajuste para descrever as etapas de processamento. Os dados de distribuição de probabilidade gerados poderão ser utilizados em modelos matemáticos e de distribuição para predizer o crescimento microbiano em alimentos expostos a diferentes temperaturas.


Subject(s)
Perishable Foods , Abattoirs , Risk Assessment , Food Microbiology , Poultry Products/analysis , Poultry Products/microbiology , Poultry Products/toxicity , Salmonella/isolation & purification , Temperature , Chickens , Salmonella Infections/prevention & control
4.
Rev. panam. salud pública ; 38(4): 326-332, oct. 2015. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-770692

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Estimar la carga de enfermedad por Salmonella spp. y Shigella spp. en cuatro departamentos de Guatemala en 2010. MÉTODOS: Estudio de carga de enfermedad basado en el análisis documental de las encuestas poblacionales publicadas, los archivos de laboratorio y los datos de vigilancia del Sistema de Información Gerencial de Salud (SIGSA) de cuatro departamentos de Guatemala: Huehuetenango, Jutiapa, Quetzaltenango y Santa Rosa, en 2010. La información se complementó con una encuesta a laboratorios. La carga de enfermedad se estimó según la metodología de los Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades de los Estados Unidos de América, adaptada por la Organización Mundial de la Salud. RESULTADOS: Se encontraron 72 casos de salmonelosis y 172 de shigelosis en los datos de vigilancia. Según las encuestas poblacionales, el porcentaje de la población que consulta los servicios de salud por diarrea es de 64,7% (IC95%: 60,6%-68,7%) en Quetzaltenango y 61,0% (IC95%: 56,0%-66,0%) en Santa Rosa. En los 115 laboratorios que respondieron la encuesta (tasa de respuesta: 72,8%) se recolectaron 6 051 muestras sospechadas para coprocultivo y 3 290 para hemocultivo, y se procesaron 39,4% y 100,0% de ellas, respectivamente. Se aislaron 85 cepas de Salmonella spp. y 113 de Shigella spp. Se estimó que por cada caso notificado de salmonelosis y shigelosis existen 40 casos no informados en Quetzaltenango; 55 en Huehuetenango; 345 en Santa Rosa; y 466 en Jutiapa. La carga de enfermedad estimada varió entre 5 y 2 230 casos por 100 000 habitantes para salmonelosis y entre 60 y 1 195 casos por 100 000 habitantes para shigelosis. CONCLUSIONES: La salmonelosis y la shigelosis constituyen un importante problema de salud pública en los departamentos estudiados y en Guatemala. La carga de enfermedad por estos patógenos es mayor que la informada por el SIGSA.


OBJECTIVE: Estimate the burden of disease from Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp. in four departments of Guatemala in 2010. METHODS: Burden of disease study based on document analysis of published population surveys, laboratory files, and surveillance data from the Health Management Information System (SIGSA) in four departments of Guatemala: Huehuetenango, Jutiapa, Quetzaltenango, and Santa Rosa, in 2010. Information was supplemented by a laboratory survey. Burden of disease was estimated using methodology adapted by the World Health Organization from the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. RESULTS: Surveillance data yielded 72 salmonellosis and 172 shigellosis cases. According to population surveys, the percentage of the population that consults health services for diarrhea is 64.7% (95% CI: 60.6%-68.7%) in Quetzaltenango and 61.0% (95% CI: 56.0%-66.0%) in Santa Rosa. In the 115 laboratories that answered the survey (72.8% response rate), 6 051 suspected samples were collected for stool culture and 3 290 for hemoculture; 39.4% and 100.0% of them were processed, respectively. In all, 85 Salmonella spp. and 113 Shigella spp. strains were isolated. For each reported case of salmonellosis and shigellosis, it was estimated that 40 cases are not reported in Quetzaltenango, 55 in Huehuetenango, 345 in Santa Rosa, and 466 in Jutiapa. Estimated burden of disease ranged from 5 to 2 230 cases per 100 000 population for salmonellosis and from 60 to 1 195 cases per 100 000 population for shigellosis. CONCLUSIONS: Salmonellosis and shigellosis are a major public health problem in the departments studied and in Guatemala. Burden of disease from these pathogens is higher than that reported by SIGSA.


Subject(s)
Salmonella Infections/prevention & control , Dysentery, Bacillary/prevention & control , Noxae
5.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-138763

ABSTRACT

Typhoid fever is a systemic disease caused by the human specific Gram-negative pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi). The extra-intestinal infections caused by Salmonella are very fatal. The incidence of typhoid fever remains very high in impoverished areas and the emergence of multidrug resistance has made the situation worse. To combat and to reduce the morbidity and mortality caused by typhoid fever, many preventive measures and strategies have been employed, the most important being vaccination. In recent years, many Salmonella vaccines have been developed including live attenuated as well as DNA vaccines and their clinical trials have shown encouraging results. But with the increasing antibiotic resistance, the development of potent vaccine candidate for typhoid fever is a need of the hour. This review discusses the latest trends in the typhoid vaccine development and the clinical trials which are underway.


Subject(s)
Clinical Trials as Topic , Drug Resistance, Multiple/genetics , Humans , Polysaccharides, Bacterial/therapeutic use , Salmonella Infections/prevention & control , Salmonella typhi/immunology , Salmonella typhi/pathogenicity , Typhoid Fever/immunology , Typhoid Fever/microbiology , Typhoid Fever/prevention & control , Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines/classification , Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines/therapeutic use , Vaccines, Attenuated/therapeutic use , Vaccines, DNA/immunology , Vaccines, DNA/therapeutic use
6.
Journal of Veterinary Science ; : 143-149, 2010.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-221268

ABSTRACT

The best enrichment broth and DNA extraction scheme was determined for rapid and sensitive detection of Salmonella Enteritidis in steamed pork using real-time PCR. The inhibitory effect of commonly used Salmonella enrichment broths, Rappaport-Vassiliadis (RV) and Muller-Kauffmann tetrathionate with novobiocin (MKTTn), on real-time PCR was confirmed. The inhibition of PCR was statistically significant (p < 0.05) in RV and MKTTn, as compared with buffered peptone water (BPW) or phosphate-buffered saline. The inhibitory effect of the selective enrichment media was successfully removed by using a modified DNA extraction, PrepMan Ultra Reagent with an additional washing step or the DNeasy Tissue Kit. In three experiments, when applied to detection of Salmonella Enteritidis in steamed pork, the real-time PCR coupled with single 24 h enrichment with BPW performed better than double 48 h enrichment with BPW plus RV or MKTTn. The simple real-time PCR assay using BPW proved to be a rapid and sensitive test for detection of low concentrations of Salmonella Enteritidis in steamed pork samples as compared with the conventional culture method.


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Culture Media , DNA, Bacterial/chemistry , Food Microbiology , Meat/microbiology , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Salmonella Infections/prevention & control , Salmonella enteritidis/genetics , Specimen Handling/methods , Swine
7.
Rev. Inst. Adolfo Lutz ; 66(1): 31-34, jan.-abr. 2007. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, SES-SP, SESSP-CTDPROD, SES-SP, SESSP-IALPROD, SES-SP | ID: lil-497796

ABSTRACT

Salmonella Enteritidis tem sido o principal sorotipo causador de salmonelose. O uso de antimicrobianos na prevenção e no tratamento dessa infecção, assim como a utilização destes como promotores de crescimento, tem provocado o aparecimento de cepas resistentes. O trabalho teve por objetivo investigar a presença de Salmonella em produtos de frango e verificar a resistência dos isolados frente a agentes antimicrobianos. Foram analisadas 120 amostras de produtos de frango, segundo metodologia preconizada pela Food and Drug Administration. Salmonella foi isolada de sete (15,83%) amostras e foram identificados quatro sorotipos, Enteritidis, Newport, Derby e Agona. Enteritidis foi o sorotipo de maior prevalência (71,4%). Trinta e seis (94,7%), 34 (89,5%), 32 (84,2%) e 32 (84,2%) isolados foram sensíveis aos antimicrobianos cloranfenicol, norfloxacina, ciprofloxacina e ampicilina, respectivamente. Trinta e três (86,8%) isolados foram resistentes ao ácido nalidíxico. Todos os isolados (100%) foram sensíveis à cefatriaxona. Vinte e cinco isolados (65,8%) foram resistentes à tetraciclina. Foram encontrados cinco(13,2%) isolados multirresistentes. A fiscalização dos produtos de frango deve ser mais rigorosa, quanto a possível presença de Salmonella. O aparecimento de cepas de Salmonella resistentes a agentes antimicrobianos é indicativo da necessidade de maior controle no uso desses fármacos.


Subject(s)
Salmonella Infections/prevention & control , Poultry Products , Salmonella enteritidis/isolation & purification
8.
Hig. aliment ; 19(128): 33-44, jan.-fev. 2005. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-406249

ABSTRACT

A salmonelose é considerada um dos mais importantes problemas de saúde pública em todos os países. O gênero Salmonella é um dos principais agentes envolvidos nos surtos de toxinfecções alimentares. Grande parte dos surtos está associada ao consumo de alimentos de origem animal. Este artigo descreve a ação da Salmonella como agente causador de surtos de doenças transmitidas por alimentos, em diferentes partes do mundo. Além de apresentar as principais medidas de controle e prevenção.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Food Contamination , Food Microbiology , Salmonella Infections/epidemiology , Salmonella Infections/prevention & control , Typhoid Fever
9.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 18(2): 85-93, 2001. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-295313

ABSTRACT

Chile ha experimentado un cambio epidemiológico en la última década con la desaparición progresiva de la fiebre tifoidea causada mayoritariamente por Salmonella typhi y la emergencia epidémica de Salmonella enteritidis, un agente de diarrea sin tratamiento específico eficaz y ligado estrechamente a productos avícolas contaminados e inadecuadamente preparados. La fiebre tifoidea ha disminuido su importancia debido al desarrollo humano experimentado en Chile que ha significado un alto grado de cobertura de agua potable y de manejo de excretas, en conjunto con un mayor nivel de educación, factores que limitan la contaminación del ambiente por este agente y la adquisición de él por huéspedes susceptibles. A pesar de este notable avance, un nuevo serotipo de salmonela ha irrumpido en Chile, denominado enteritidis, que ha logrado aprovechar el nuevo escenario logrado con la industrialización avícola donde miles de aves ahora conviven en pequeños espacios facilitando la infección cruzada entre ellas. La contaminación intermitente de huevos por vía transovárica o superficial permite la llegada de este agente en forma errática pero persistente al ser humano. Este nuevo escenario y la ausencia de un tratamiento antimicrobiano eficaz para este agente, obligan a que nuestro país adopte nuevas estrategias de prevención que involucran a productores, distribuidores y consumidores de productos avícolas


Subject(s)
Humans , Health Promotion/trends , Salmonella Infections/epidemiology , Natural History of Diseases , Salmonella enteritidis/pathogenicity , Salmonella Infections/prevention & control , Salmonella typhi/pathogenicity , Typhoid Fever/epidemiology
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